The Movements of Native Women in the Neoliberal Context: the Contribution of Literature to Indigenous Feminism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35819/tear.v14.n1.a7707Abstract
Feminist movements have emerged at different times, in various spaces, and around diverse agendas. Regarding Indigenous women, the 1980s stand out as a particularly significant period for discussions around feminism within the neoliberal context. As neoliberal policies deepened expropriation and exploitation, Indigenous social movements expanded, and women played a fundamental role in denouncing gender-based violence and the exclusion they face. One of the most important achievements of Indigenous struggles in Brazil was the recognition of citizenship in the 1988 Federal Constitution. Before this law, Indigenous peoples were under the guardianship and authority of the Indigenous affairs agency, the National Indigenous Foundation (FUNAI). With the achievement of autonomy, Indigenous peoples organized to increase the visibility and articulation of their social movements, particularly in connection with urban movements. From a place of self-determination and mobilization experience, Indigenous women began to organize more specifically toward feminism, initiating their first collective efforts in the 1980s. Through bibliographic and documentary review, as well as literary analysis, this paper aims to discuss Indigenous feminism in the neoliberal context and its various forms of expression— – from political organization to the narratives of Indigenous women in their literary works. Significant progress has been made in the recognition of Indigenous women’s rights and feminist movements in terms of public policy. However, there is still a pressing need for targeted public policies to fully ensure the rights of Indigenous women.
Keywords: Indigenous Feminism. Literature. Neoliberal Policy.
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